Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

The 2 major determinants of risk in the development of osteoporosis are peak bone mass and rate of bone loss. These 2 determinants are influenced by a number of genetic and environmental factors. There is an obvious pre-disposition directed toward women.

From the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) well-established risk factors are:

• Caucasian or Asian women
• Advanced age
• Early or surgically induced menopause
• Chronic corticosteroid use
• Maternal history of osteoporosis

• Low weight/height ratio
• Prolonged bed rest
• High alcohol consumption
• Low calcium intake
• Cigarette smoking
• High protein/phosphate intakes
• High caffeine consumption
• Physical inactivity

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