Bacterial vaginosis is the most common type of vaginal infection in women of reproductive age. Though the exact cause is not known, BV occurs when the vaginal balance is upset and there is an overgrowth of bacteria. BV is not a sexually transmitted disease and is not a serious health concern unless you are pregnant. Studies have shown that having the infection during pregnancy may cause early labor and premature birth.
Symptoms
Almost 50% of the women who have bacterial vaginosis do not have any symptoms. Most women learn they have the infection during their annual gynecologic exam. If symptoms appear, they can include:
- White or discolored discharge
- Discharge that smells "fishy"
- Itchy and sore vagina
Diagnosis and Treatment
A health care provider must examine the vagina and perform laboratory tests on a sample of vaginal fluid to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. BV can only be treated with prescription medicines ordered by your doctor. Female hygiene products like douches and deodorants will not cure the infection and may make it worse. The most common medicine prescribed for BV is called metronidazole (Flagyl). Metronidazole may be taken as a pill or used as a vaginal cream or gel. It is important that you tell your doctor if you are pregnant or think you may be.
Prevention
Here are some things you can do to help prevent bacterial and yeast infections:
- Keep the external genital area clean and dry.
- Avoid irritating soaps (including bubble bath), vaginal sprays and douches.
- Change tampons and sanitary napkins frequently.
- Wear loose cotton (rather than nylon) underwear that doesn't trap moisture.
- Avoid tight-fitting or synthetic-fiber clothes.
- After swimming, avoid prolonged periods in a wet bathing suit.
Additional information is available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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